Lik'hemik'hale tsa tlhahoe phetha karolo ea bohlokoa tšebetsong ea lintho tsohle tse phelang, ho akarelletsa le batho. Lik'hemik'hale tsena li khetholloa ke sebopeho sa tsona sa carbon le bokhoni ba tsona ba ho etsa limolek'hule tse rarahaneng. Har'a mefuta e mengata ea lik'hemik'hale tsa tlhaho, tse 'nè li hlahella e le tsa bohlokoa ka ho khetheha bophelong ba motho le lits'ebetsong tsa tlhaho: lik'habohaedreite, lipids, liprotheine le nucleotide.
1. Lik'habohaedreite
Li-carbohydrate ke sehlopha sa lik'hemik'hale tsa tlhaho tse sebetsang e le mohloli o ka sehloohong oa matla 'meleng. Li entsoe ka liathomo tsa carbon, hydrogen, le oxygen, hangata ka karolelano ea 1:2:1. Li-carbohydrate li arotsoe ka lihlopha tse tharo tse kholo: tsoekere e bonolo (monosaccharides), tsoekere e rarahaneng (li-disaccharides le polysaccharides), le fiber ea lijo. Tsoekere e bonolo, e kang glucose, ke tsona tse etsang lik'habohaedreite tse rarahaneng 'me li monngoa habonolo ke 'mele ho fana ka matla. Tsoekere e rarahaneng, joalo ka sucrose (tsoekere ea tafoleng) le starch, li entsoe ka likarolo tse ngata tse bonolo tsa tsoekere tse hokahantsoeng hammoho. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, fiber ea lijo ha e khone ho jeoa ke li-enzyme tsa motho 'me e feta tsamaisong ea tšilo ea lijo, e khothalletsa ho sebetsa hantle ha mala.
2. Li-lipids
Lipids ke sehlopha se fapaneng salik'hemik'hale tsa tlhahotseo haholo-holo li entsoeng ka liathomo tsa carbon, hydrogen le oksijene. Ha li qhibilihe ka metsing empa li qhibiliha ka har'a metsoako ea tlhaho. Lipids li bapala karolo ea bohlokoa lits'ebetsong tse ngata tsa tlhaho, ho kenyelletsa polokelo ea matla, sebopeho sa membrane ea lisele, le matšoao. Mefuta e meraro e meholo ea lipids ke mafura, oli le boka. Mafura a tiile mochesong oa kamore 'me a entsoe ka glycerol esterified e nang le limolek'hule tse tharo tsa acid e mafura. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, oli e na le mokelikeli mochesong oa kamore 'me e na le li-unsaturated mafura acid. Li-wax ke li-lipids tse tiileng tse sebelisoang litlolong le likerese.
3. Liprotheine
Liprotheine ke lik'hemik'hale tse rarahaneng tse hlokahalang bakeng sa sebopeho, tšebetso le taolo ea lisele tsa 'mele, lisele le litho tsa 'mele. Li entsoe ka li-amino acid tse hokahaneng hammoho ka litlamo tsa peptide. Liprotheine li na le mesebetsi e mengata e fapaneng 'meleng, ho kenyelletsa le enzymatic catalysis, ts'ehetso ea meralo, taolo ea lihormone le ts'ebetso ea 'mele ea ho itšireletsa mafung. Liprotheine li aroloa ho latela sebopeho sa tsona, tšebetso ea tsona le mohloli. Mefuta e meng e tloaelehileng ea liprotheine e kenyelletsa li-enzyme, li-antibodies, lihomone le liprotheine tsa sebopeho tse kang collagen le keratin.
4. Li-nucleotides
Li-nucleotide ke litšiea tsa ho haha tsa li-nucleic acid, tse bohlokoa bakeng sa ho boloka le ho fetisetsa boitsebiso ba liphatsa tsa lefutso liseleng tsohle tse phelang. Li-nucleotides li entsoe ka setsi se nang le naetrojene, tsoekere e nang le carbon e mehlano (ribose kapa deoxyribose), le sehlopha se le seng kapa ho feta tsa phosphate. Metheo e nang le naetrojene ke adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine (ka DNA) kapa uracil (ho RNA). Li-nucleotide li hokahana hammoho ho etsa liketane tsa nucleic acid, tseo ka mor’a moo li kopanngoang ebe li menwa hore e be metsoako e rarahaneng e bitsoang nucleic acid. DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) le RNA (ribonucleic acid) ke mefuta e ’meli e meholo ea li-nucleic acid tse fumanehang liseleng tse phelang.
Ka kakaretso, lik'habohaedreite, lipids, liprotheine le li-nucleotide ke mefuta e mene e meholo ea lijo.lik'hemik'hale tsa tlhahotse bohlokoa bakeng sa bophelo bo botle ba motho le lits'ebetso tsa baeloji. Metsoako ena e bapala likarolo tse fapaneng 'meleng, ho tloha ho tlhahiso ea matla le polokelo ho ea ho ts'ehetso ea sebopeho le phetiso ea tlhahisoleseling ea liphatsa tsa lefutso. Ho utloisisa sebopeho le tšebetso ea lik'hemik'hale tsena tsa tlhaho ho bohlokoa bakeng sa ho boloka bophelo bo botle le ho thibela maloetse.
